An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry

An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry

Chapter 1 Cell Signaling and Diseases _x000D_ 1.1 Introduction _x000D_ 1.2 Chemical messengers _x000D_ 1.3 Signal Transduction_x000D_ 1.4 Effectors_x000D_ 1.5 Signal Transduction modulators as Drugs _x000D_ 1.6 Intercellular (Between-Cells) Signaling_x000D_ 1.7 Homeostasis Regulated by Signaling Pathways_x000D_ 1.8 Signaling in Cellular metabolism_x000D_ 1.9 Diseases_x000D_ 1.10 Understanding Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Diseases_x000D_ 1.11 Unexplored and Emerging Intracellular Signaling Components as Therapeutic Targets_x000D_ 1.12 History of Drug Research_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 2 An Overview of Drug Action_x000D_ 2.1 Definition of Drugs_x000D_ 2.2 Types of Pharmacological Action of the Drugs (Theories of Drug Activity)_x000D_ 2.3 Classification of Drugs Based on Their Origin_x000D_ 2.4 Drug Action_x000D_ 2.5 Factors Affecting Admet_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 3 The Modern Drug Development Process_x000D_ 3.1 Introduction_x000D_ 3.2 The Modern Drug Development Process Comprises Five Steps_x000D_ 3.3 Initial Steps in Drug Discovery Process (Medicinal Chemistry)_x000D_ 3.4 In Vivo Screening Assays_x000D_ 3.5 Screening in Model Organisms (Our Distant Fast Breeding Cousins)_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 4 Strategies for Identifying Hit Molecules_x000D_ 4.1 Hit Molecules_x000D_ 4.2 Serendipity in Drug Discovery_x000D_ 4.3 Endogenous Sources (Derived from Humans or Animals) for the Identification of Drug Candidate(s)_x000D_ 4.4 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy_x000D_ 4.5 Drugs of Microbial Origin _x000D_ 4.6 Traditional Methods as a Source for Hit Identification (Exogenous Sources)_x000D_ 4.7 Target-Based Screening as a Rationalized Approach for the Identification of Hit/Lead Molecules_x000D_ 4.8 Difference Between Fragments, Hits, and Leads_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 5 Drug Design Strategies_x000D_ 5.1 Introduction _x000D_ 5.2 Hit to Lead_x000D_ 5.3 Characteristics of Preclinical Candidates_x000D_ 5.4 Lead Optimization/Drug Design Strategies_x000D_ 5.5 Timeline of a Pharmaceutical Drug Development from Laboratory to Clinics_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 6 Role of Physicochemical Properties of Chemical Structures in Drug Design_x000D_ 6.1 Introduction_x000D_ 6.2 Lipinski’s Rule of Five _x000D_ 6.3 Ionization Constant (pKa ) _x000D_ 6.4 Solubility of Drugs_x000D_ 6.5 Lipophilicity_x000D_ 6.6 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA)/Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) _x000D_ 6.7 Surface Activity _x000D_ 6.8 Number of Rotatable Bonds_x000D_ 6.9 Number of Aromatic Rings_x000D_ 6.10 Undesirable Functional Groups (Alert) _x000D_ 6.11 Steric Factor _x000D_ 6.12 Molecular Size_x000D_ 6.13 Physicochemical Properties of a Successful CNS Drug_x000D_ 6.14 Physicochemical Parameters Required for a Preclinical Candidate Drug_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 7 Receptorology_x000D_ 7.1 Introduction_x000D_ 7.2 Receptors as Drug Target_x000D_ 7.3 Distribution of Receptors in the Cell_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 8 Drug Receptor Theories_x000D_ 8.1 Drug–Receptor Occupation Theories_x000D_ 8.2 General Mechanism of Drug–Receptor Interaction_x000D_ 8.3 Drug–Receptor Complex Formation and Dissociation_x000D_ 8.4 Agonists/Partial Agonists/Inverse Agonists_x000D_ 8.5 Spare Receptors_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 9 Receptor Antagonists_x000D_ 9.1 Introduction_x000D_ 9.2 Orthosteric Binding Site_x000D_ 9.3 Allosteric Site_x000D_ 9.4 Receptor Antagonists _x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 10 Drug-Target Interactions_x000D_ 10.1 Introduction _x000D_ 10.2 Reversible Interaction _x000D_ 10.3 Irreversible Drug-Target Interaction (Covalent Bonds)_x000D_ 10.4 Summary of Drug-Target Interactions_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 11 Pharmacokinetics_x000D_ 11.1 Introduction_x000D_ 11.2 Kinetics of Adme_x000D_ 11.3 Methods for Assessing Major Physicochemical Properties of Compounds that Affect Adme Parameters_x000D_ 11.4 Summary of Important PK Parameters_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 12 Pharmacodynamics_x000D_ 12.1 Introduction_x000D_ 12.2 Biochemistry of Enzymes_x000D_ 12.3 Allosteric Enzymes _x000D_ 12.4 Nomenclature of Enzymes_x000D_ 12.5 Role of Enzymes_x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 13 Role of Enzymes in Metabolism_x000D_ 13.1 Introduction_x000D_ 13.2 CYP-Mediated Metabolism_x000D_ 13.3 Examples of Phase I and II Drug Metabolism_x000D_ 13.4 Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Induction and Inhibition_x000D_ 13.5 CYP Enzyme Induction by Exogenous Substances (Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interactions)_x000D_ 13.6 Pharmacodynamic Drug-Drug Interactions_x000D_ 13.7 Drug-Design Approach for Making Drugs More Resistant to CYP Metabolism_x000D_ 13.8 Examples of Other Non-Microsomal Metabolisms _x000D_ _x000D_ Chapter 14 Digestive Enzymes_x000D_ 14.1 Introduction _x000D_ 14.2 Digestion of Proteins _x000D_ 14.3 Zymogens (Proenzymes)_x000D_ 14.4 Protein Homeostasis_x000D_ 14.5 Digestion of Lipids_x000D_ 14.6 Digestion of Carbohydrates_x000D_ _x000D_ Exercises_x000D_ Competitive Exam Questions_x000D_ References_x000D_ Index_x000D_